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SUMMARY: Peripheral nerve injury is an extremely important medical and socio-economic problem. It is far from a solution, despite on rapid development of technologies. To study the effect of long-term electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, we used a domestically produced electrical stimulation system, which is approved for clinical use. The study was performed on 28 rabbits. Control of regeneration was carried out after 3 month with morphologic techniques. The use of long-term electrostimulation technology leads to an improvement in the results of the recovery of the nerve trunk after an injury, both directly at the site of damage, when stimulation begins in the early period, and indirectly, after the nerve fibers reach the effector muscle.
La lesión de los nervios periféricos es un problema médico y socioeconómico extremadamente importante. Sin embargo, y a pesar del rápido desarrollo de las tecnologías, aún no tiene solución. Para estudiar el efecto de la estimulación eléctrica a largo plazo de los nervios periféricos, utilizamos un sistema de estimulación eléctrica de producción nacional, que está aprobado para uso clínico. El estudio se realizó en 28 conejos. El control de la regeneración se realizó a los 3 meses con técnicas morfológicas. El uso de tecnología de electro estimulación a largo plazo conduce a una mejora en los resultados de la recuperación del tronco nervioso después de una lesión, tanto directamente en el lugar del daño, cuando la estimulación comienza en el período temprano, como indirectamente, después de que las fibras nerviosas alcanzan el músculo efector.
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Animals , Rabbits , Electric Stimulation/methods , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/therapy , Peripheral Nerves , Muscle, Skeletal/innervation , Recovery of Function , Nerve RegenerationABSTRACT
Objective To prepare a sustained-release membrane with longer adhesion time and dissolution time, and compare it with the commercially available oral ulcer membrane. Method Adhesion strength, adhesion time, swelling coefficient, dissolution time, etc. were used as the inspection indicators, and a combination of single factor inspection and analytic hierarchy process were used to screen the membrane -forming materials. The dispersion method of clotrimazole, ornidazole and borneol were investigated to prevent the drug from seed out. The method of combining orthogonal experiment and analytic hierarchy process were used to optimize the dosage of CMC-Na, PVA-1788 and glycerin; and the commercial products were compared. Results Through single-factor investigation and orthogonal experiment, the optimal ratio of excipients was selected as CMC-Na∶PVA-1788∶glycerol (3∶1∶0.08). The water-insoluble component clotrimazole, ornidazole and borneol were treated by precipitation in liquid with good effect. The best method was used to prepare the membrane. The adhesion strength was 102 g. The adhesion time was 55 min. The swelling coefficient was 1 939.52. The average dissolution time was 110 min. The appearance was white and the surface was free of bubbles, soft and elastic. The membrane forming time at 60 ℃ was 300 min and the demolding effect was better which could be completely peeled off with moderate thickness. Conclusion The oral ulcer membrane developed in this method has good appearance, comfortable use, strong adhesion, long adhesion time and dissolution time, and could stay on the ulcer surface for a long time to form physical isolation, and slowly release the drug during the dissolution process, which could play the role of long-term pain relief, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and promote healing effects on oral ulcers.
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Objective:Molecular biology experimental technology has become an important basic tool for exploring biology and medicine and other related disciplines. We aim to explore an effective molecular biology experimental teaching model which will definitely improve students' molecular biology experimental skills and autonomous learning ability.Methods:Guided by the theory of constructivism, with the molecular biology experimental course as the carrier, and with the basic requirements of constructing the basic molecular biology experimental technology of the system, a teaching platform was established to guide students to preview the experiment independently; the physical experimental projects were integrated and optimized and the virtual simulation experimental projects were increased, with virtuality and reality, to improve students' molecular biology experimental skills and autonomous learning ability.Results:An online teaching platform has been established, which effectively guides and improves the effect of students' preview experiments, and cultivates the ability of autonomous learning. Besides, the experimental teaching mode combining optimization of physical experimental projects and virtual simulation experimental projects significantly improved students' molecular biology experimental operation skills and problem-solving ability.Conclusion:A constructivism-based teaching mode of combining virtual and real molecular biology has been established, which is an effective way to improve students' molecular biology experimental skills and autonomous learning ability.
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Objective:To investigate the ethics and existing problems of experimental animals in medical experiments and experimental teaching, and to formulate countermeasures so that animal ethics and animal welfare can be truly reflected in medical experiments.Methods:In this study, a "Basic Function Experiment Center Animal Experiment Questionnaire" with 25 questions was formulated from three aspects: the ethical cognition of experimental animals, whether animal experiments are ethical or not, how to view the problems of animal ethics and experimental teaching and the cognition of virtual simulation experiment teaching. Questionnaire was sent to Hubei University of Medicine to investigate the international students of Batch 2017 (5-year program), undergraduates of Batch 2017 (5-year program) and nursing students of Batch 2018 (4-year program) as well as teachers, researchers and employees of laboratory animal center (all with bachelor degree or above). The survey results were expressed as percentage.Results:The recovery rate of the questionnaire in this study was 98.04%(2 451/2 500), among which the practitioners, teachers and researchers in the laboratory animal center clearly understood the ethics of experimental animals, but there was a widespread phenomenon of lagging ethics among the students. For example, 16.24% (398/2 451) students had not received animal experiment ethics education and training, 29.46% (722/2 451) were not clear about animal protection laws and regulations, 7.14% (175/2 451) thought animal experiments were immoral; 29.54% (724/2 451) had vague cognition of animal welfare and ethical knowledge; 25.91% (635/2 451) were not familiar with the operation steps; 9.38% (230/2 451) were indifferent to the extra treatment of animals due to operation errors, 7.83% (192/2 451) chose to give up the experiment in the treatment of animals after massive bleeding, only 5.43% (133/2 451) chose to continue the experiment after timely hemostasis and infusion, and 9.26% (227/2 451) chose to do operations unrelated to the experiment. After the experiment, 2.28% (56/2 451) chose to kill the animals by bloodletting, only 5.51% (135/2 451) chose excessive anesthesia euthanasia, and 1.96% (48/2 451) chose to kill the animals by cervical dislocation and violence. Only 15.79% (387/2 451) chose to remember the dead animal for 2 minutes. Only 32.56%(798/2 451) of the respondents understood virtual simulation experiment, 34.92% (856/2 451) of the respondents thought that virtual simulation experiment or experimental teaching video could be used to replace the existing live animal experiment, 77.56% (1 901/2 451) believed that the construction of virtual simulation laboratory should be strengthened.Conclusion:It is imperative to strengthen the education of students' ethics of experimental animals, which is conducive to the establishment of correct ethics of experimental animals for medical students, so that the "3R" principle and animal welfare can be truly implemented in experimental teaching and scientific research experiments.
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Infant nutritional status evaluation is a basic experimental skill in the experimental teaching of nutrition and food hygiene. The construction of this virtual simulation experiment can solve the problems of activeness and poor coordination of infants and young children in the actual operation of the experiment. And based on the application of this virtual simulation project, the experimental teaching method of preventive medicine was explored. This experiment adopted online and offline mixed teaching method, which enriches teaching measures and strengthens the standardized process of infant nutritional status evaluation. After 3 semesters of practice from spring 2018 to spring 2020, the proportion of students who achieved excellent grades was 30.09% (34/113), 56.02% (279/498) and 66.79% (1 080/1 617), respectively, which increased significantly year by year ( Ptrend < 0.001). Among all the 2 228 students, 1 983 students (89%) believed that this experimental teaching could better cultivate the ability of autonomous learning. Through the study of virtual simulation experiments, students have improved their subjective initiative, and laid a foundation for the improvement of students' overall quality and the requirements of school elite education.
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Medical microbiology experiment is faced with many problems in online teaching. This study adopts the teaching mode of online live broadcast + operation video + virtual experiment, and make up the operation gap to some extent through operation video and virtual experiment. The mode of assessment is subjective thinking question (closely following the operation process) + experiment design + literature review (focusing on the key technology or new technology of clinical assessment that cannot be carried out due to the limitation of conditions in traditional experiments, such as mass spectrometry, fluorescence quantitative PCR, and G-test), and it is helpful to understand students' mastery of teaching objectives, and the ability of comprehensive application and innovative thinking. The student questionnaire shows that most students hold a positive attitude towards the online experimental teaching mode, and the quality of students' homework shows that most students have a good learning effect.
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"Flipped Classroom" is a new kind of "student-centered" teaching model, which can give full play to the advantages of both sides of teaching and learning. According to this teaching model, we redesigned the teaching process, in which the students studied by themselves and built their own knowledge system. Moreover, each of them took part in three stages of experimental design including digital signal collection, analysis and processing in groups. Results have shown that this model can fully stimulate students' learning interest, not only helps students to deepen understanding of digital signal processing theory knowledge, but also strengthen the ability of autonomous learning and team collaboration. The teaching model maybe have certain reference function in comprehensive experiment teaching of Digital Signal Processing course for biomedical engineering specialty.
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Objective:To carry out opening experiments on occupational health and occupational medicine for students majoring in preventive medicine, reform the experimental teaching mode, and explore the teaching methods to improve students' professional quality and scientific research ability.Methods:Opening experiments were carried out in the experimental course of occupational health and occupational medicine for students of preventive medicine major. A total of 147 students majoring in preventive medicine of Batch 2016 were classified as the control group, and the routine confirmatory experiment was carried out in the group; 176 students majoring in preventive medicine of Batch 2017 were classified as the experimental group, and this group carried out opening experiment. The evaluation was made from three aspects: comprehensive evaluation results, teacher self-evaluation and student satisfaction survey. SPSS 22.0 software was used for analysis and comparison by independent-samples t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The theoretical scores of the experimental group and the control group students were (84.37±10.45) vs. (81.44±9.22) ( t=2.68, P=0.008), and the experimental skills scores were (93.66±3.89) vs. (88.41±5.67) ( t=9.51, P<0.001). Questionnaire investigation showed that the students in the opening experimental group were more satisfied with the courses arrangement ( χ2=8.31, P=0.004), group cooperation ( χ2=21.10, P<0.001), assessment form ( χ2 =7.92, P=0.005), improvement of the writing ability of scientific research papers ( χ2 =17.56, P<0.001), improvement of practical skills ( χ2=11.70, P=0.001), logical thinking, language organization and expression ability ( χ2=10.33, P=0.001). They considered the opening experiment was helpful to cultivate innovative thinking and ability, but it had limited effect on the cultivation of employment advantages. And the students considered the opening experiments of setting up professional courses was sufficient and necessary. Conclusion:Carrying out opening experiments for students majoring in preventive medicine is helpful to improve students' professional quality and cultivate their practical ability and scientific research ability.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the intestinal absorption characteristics of saikosaponins. METHODS Based on everted intestinal sac model， using accumulative absorption amount （Q） and absorption rate constant （Ka） as indexes， UHPLC-MS/MS technique as a method， the absorption of saikosaponin A， B2， C， D and F from total saponins of Bupleurum chinense （8 g/mL， by crude drug） in the duodenum， jejunum and ileum was detected. RESULTS The correlation coefficients （r） of the regression equations for the absorption of saikosaponins A， B2， C and F in the duodenum， jejunum and ileum were all higher than 0.95， while the r of saikosaponin D in the above intestinal segments was lower than 0.95； compared with the absorption of the same composition in the duodenum， the Q and Ka of saikosaponin A and C circulating in jejunum and ileum for 120 min， as well as the Q and Ka of saikosaponin F circulating in the ileum for 120 min were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Saikosaponin A and the other 4 saikosaponins are all absorbed in the duodenum， jejunum and ileum； among them， saikosaponin A， B2， C and F are linearly absorbed， which conforms to the zero-order absorption characteristics， but saikosaponin D shows non- linear absorption.
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In 2015, the United States put forward the concept of precision medicine, which changed medical treatment from "one size fits all" to personalization, and paid more attention to personalization and drug customization. In the same year, Spritam®, the world's first 3D printed tablet, was in the market, marking the emerging pharmaceutical 3D printing technology was recognized by regulatory authorities, and it also provided a new way for drug customization. 3D printing technology has strong interdisciplinary and high flexibility, which puts forward higher requirements for pharmaceutical staffs. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), modern society can perform various tasks, such as disease diagnosis and robotic surgery, with superhuman speed and intelligence. As a major AI technology, machine learning (ML) has been widely used in many aspects of 3D printing drug, accelerating the research and development, production, and clinical application, and promoting the new process of global personalized medicine and industry 4.0. This paper introduces the basic concepts and main classifications of 3D printing drug, non-AI drug optimization technology and ML. It focuses on the analysis of the research progress of ML in 3D printing drug, and elucidates how AI can empower the intelligent level of 3D printing drug in pre-processing, printing, and post-processing process. It provides a new idea for accelerating the development of 3D printed drug.
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Cerebral hemorrhage accounts for about 10%-15% of all strokes， and its pathogenesis is complex. Currently， the main clinical treatment is mainly medical symptomatic treatment， including the use of antihypertensive drugs， hypoglycemic drugs， and hemostatic drugs， and surgical treatment is required in some cases， but there is still a lack of effective treatment. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine and proprietary Chinese medicine have been widely accepted for their stable efficacy， high safety， and low cost. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines for the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. This paper summarizes the relevant literature on the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage with Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and finds that its active ingredients are mainly anthraquinones， such as emodin， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma acid， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma phenol. The herbal formulas are Da Chengqitang， Shengdi Dahuangtang， Liangxue Tongyufang， and Naoxueshu oral liquid. The effects involve protecting the blood-brain barrier， promoting hematoma absorption， reducing inflammation levels， decreasing lactic acid accumulation at the bleeding site， and increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors. The pathways involved include aquaporin 4 （AQP4）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2）， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and Wnt3a/β-linked protein pathway. This paper summarizes the progress of clinical studies and animal experiments on the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage with active ingredients of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and herbal compounds containing Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， so as to provide a reference for the treatment protocol of cerebral hemorrhage.
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@#ObjectiveTo optimize the condition for anion exchange chromatography in purification process of recombinant human growth hormone-Fc(rhGH-Fc)fusion protein by Design of Experiment(DOE)so as to decrease the content of host cell protein(HCP)in bulk of protein.MethodsA complete factorial experimental design with four factors at two levels was established by the DOE in Minitab 19 software.The condition(flow rate,sample load,pH value of buffer and salt concentration of eluent)for anion exchange chromatography in purification process of rhGH-Fc was optimized by DOE to find out the operating space.ResultsThe experimental results were predicted accurately by the established DOE model.The sample load,pH value of buffer,salt concentration of eluent as well as the interaction of pH value of buffer and salt concentration of eluent showed significant influence on the HCP content in the harvest.The optimal sample load,flow rate as well as pH value and salt concentration of eluent were 15 mg/mL,120 cm/h,7.0 ～ 8.0 and 0.1 mol/L respectively.The HCP contents in eluents under the optimal condition were less than 400 ng/mg,which met the requirements for verification within the range of results in determined operating space.ConclusionThe condition for removal of HCP by anion exchange chromatography was successfully optimized by DOE,which provided a reference for further application of DOE in the biopharmaceutical field.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides （GLP） on the proliferation， migration， cycle， and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma SKHEP1 and Huh7 cells and to explore the underlying mechanism. MethodSK-HEP-1 and Huh-7 cells were classified into the blank group and low-， medium-， and high-dose GLP groups （3.5， 7， 14 g·L-1）. The proliferation of the cells was examined by cell counting kit-8 （CCK8） assay， and the migration by scratch assay. Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry and apoptosis was detected based on Hoechst33258 staining. In addition， the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， phosphorylated PI3K （pPI3K）， and phosphorylated Akt （pAkt） in the cells was determined by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the three doses of GLP reduced the proliferation and migration of SKHEP1 and Huh7 cells （P<0.05）， increased the percentage of cells in G1 phase （P<0.05）， and decreased percentage of cells in S and G2 phase （P<0.05）. In addition， the three doses can induce apoptosis of both SK-HEP-1 and Huh-7 cells， particularly the high dose. Moreover， the three doses of GLP lowered the levels of pPI3K and pAkt （P<0.05）. ConclusionGLP significantly inhibited the malignant phenotype of SK-HEP-1 and Huh-7 cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Experimental research on male infertility is critical to the study of the pathogenesis of male infertility and the evaluation of drug therapy. This paper reviewed animal experiments on male infertility in recent years. The experimental models of male infertility mainly include oligoasthenozoospermia （OA），teratozoospermia，azoospermia， and varicocele animal models. The OA animal models are mostly induced by glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii （GTW）， adenine，hydrocortisone， and radiation，which are mainly chemical means. The animal models of azoospermia were usually constructed by intraperitoneal injection of bissulfonyl alkylating agent busulfan and immersion of scrotum in 43 ℃ water. There are few studies on animal models of teratozoospermia，and the induction methods by GTW and methyl methanesulfonate（MMS） are common. The animal models of varicocele-caused infertility are usually induced by operation. The ligation of the middle division of the left renal vein between the lateral inferior vena cava and the medial spermatic vein has a significant influence on testicular morphology and epididymal sperm quality. Animal experimental studies have shown that classic prescriptions for tonifying the kidney and promoting spermatogenesis represented by Wuzi Yanzongwan and clinical empirical prescriptions by modern research have played a significant role in the treatment of male infertility. The mechanism of tonifying the kidney in the treatment of male infertility mainly focuses on inhibiting spermatogenic cell apoptosis. The kidney-tonifying method can regulate the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells，which provides a new treatment idea and a reliable scientific basis for traditional Chinese medicine in the field of male reproduction.
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Objective:To predict potential target genes in dexamethasone-induced open-angle glaucoma via bioinformatics technology.Methods:The GEO datasets GSE16643, GSE37474, and GSE124114 were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes by GEO2R.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed on the differentially expressed genes between GSE37474 and GSE124114.Intersection of the three datasets were displayed by Venn diagram.The annotation and enrichment analysis of the intersection genes were performed through Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and then were compared with normal tissue in GTEx Portal database.The corresponding protein interaction network was obtained by STRING.Finally, the candidate genes were searched for their transcription factors in UCSC and JASPAR.Primary human trabecular cells were divided into dexamethasone group and control group, treated with 2 ml 500 nmol/L dexamethasone and the same amount of ethanol, respectively.The expression of BDKRB1 and TAGLN in trabecular cells was detected by Western blot.Results:Differential genes between GSE37474 and GSE124114 datasets enriched in complement and coagulation cascade by GSEA.There were 89 intersecting genes of the three datasets.These genes mainly regulated the formation of extracellular matrix by GO analysis.The gene with the highest enrichment score and collagen-containing extracellular matrix was found to be associated with fibroblasts in GTEx Portal database.ACTA2, MYL9, TAGLN, and LMOD1 were closely related in STRING protein-protein interaction network.Transcription factor SP1 in UCSC and JASPAR according to related genes, BDKRB1, NID1, MFGE8 and TAGLN.The relative expression levels of BDKRB1 and TAGLN proteins were 1.32±0.14 and 0.44±0.09 in dexamethasone group, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1.00±0.00 and 0.20±0.10 in the control group, respectively ( t=-3.61, 2.89; both at P<0.05). Conclusions:Bioinformatics analysis showed that transcription factor SP1 may play a role in human trabecular meshwork cells to myofibroblasts transition after dexamethasone treatment.
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Objective:To explore the potential molecular targets and mechanism of Zeqi Decoction in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) through bioinformatics and cell experiment.Methods:The active components of Zeqi Decoction were collected based on TCMSP database and literature search. Then R software was used to screen differentially expressed genes in LUAD from TCGA and GEO databases. The co-expression module was obtained through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the potential targets were obtained after matching and mapping with targets of Zeqi Decoction. Enrichment analysis of GO function and KEGG pathway of targets was conducted. The results were experimentally verified. The lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299 were divided into blank control group and Zeqi Decoction group according to random number table. The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was detected by cell proliferation test (CCK-8); the expression of leukocyte differentiation antigen 36 (CD36) in A549 and H1299 cells was detected by Western blot; the levels of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.Results:Totally 157 anti-lung adenocarcinoma active components and 18 potential targets were obtained, mainly including CD36, IL6, LDLR, etc. The main target of Zeqi Decoction in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma was lipid metabolism. The results showed that Zeqi Decoction could effectively inhibit the activity of A549 and H1299 cells and the levels of CD36, LDLR and IL-6.Conclusion:Zeqi Decoction can inhibit the inflammatory response by down-regulating the protein expressions of CD36 and LDLR, thereby slowing the proliferation of cells.
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The present study aimed to explore the main active components and potential mechanisms of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) and osteopractic total flavone(OTF) in the treatment of osteoporosis(OP) through network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro cell experiments, which was expected to provide a theoretical basis for clinical applications. The blood-entering components of PNS and OTF were obtained from literature search and online database, and their potential targets were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) and SwissTargetPrediction. The OP targets were obtained by means of searching Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM) and GeneCards. The common targets of the drug and disease were screened by Venn. Cytoscape was used to construct a "drug-component-target-disease" network, and the core components were screened according to the node degree. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of the common targets was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape, and the core targets were screened according to the node degree. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of potential therapeutic targets were carried out by R language. Molecular docking was used to determine the binding activity of some active components to key targets by AutoDock Vina. Finally, HIF-1 signaling pathway was selected for in vitro experimental verification according to the results of KEGG pathway analysis. Network pharmacology showed that there were 45 active components such as leachianone A, kurarinone, 20(R)-protopanaxatriol, 20(S)-protopanaxatriol, and kaempferol, and 103 therapeutic targets such as IL6, AKT1, TNF, VEGFA and MAPK3 involved. PI3K-AKT, HIF-1, TNF and other signaling pathways were enriched. Molecular docking revealed that the core components had good binding ability to the core targets. In vitro experiments found that PNS-OTF could up-regulate the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGFA and Runx2, indicating that the mechanism of PNS-OTF in treating OP may be related to the activation of HIF-1 signaling pathway, and thus PNS-OTF played a role in promoting angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, this study predicted the core targets and pathways of PNS-OTF in treating OP based on network pharmacology and carried out in vitro experimental verification, which reflected the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway synergy of PNS-OTF, and provided new ideas for the future clinical treatment of OP.
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Humans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Network Pharmacology , Osteogenesis , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Osteoporosis , Databases, GeneticABSTRACT
Based on the demand of enterprise talents and the characteristics of manufacturing process management in biotechnology, in order to make the students acquire the ability to solve complex engineering problems in the production process, we developed a "Comprehensive Biotechnology Experiment" course, where two-step enzymatic production of l-aspartate and l-alanine were the key processes. In this course, we drew lessons from the site management of the production enterprise, performed the experimental operation mode of four shifts and three operations. The content of this course includes principles, methods and experimental techniques of several core curricula and the site management mode of enterprises. As to the evaluation, the summary of the experimental staff's handover records and the content of teamwork were examined and scored. Through teaching practice and continuous improvement, we developed a complete experimental teaching process and assessment mechanism. Overall, the Comprehensive Biotechnology Experiment course achieved good teaching effect, which may serve as a reference to promote the development of experimental teaching of biotechnology.
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Humans , Biotechnology , Curriculum , StudentsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish the diagnostic process of low titer blood group antibody in the occurrence of adverse reactions of hemolytic transfusion.@*METHODS@#Acid elusion test, enzyme method and PEG method were used for antibody identification. Combined with the patient's clinical symptoms and relevant inspection indexes, the irregular antibodies leading to hemolysis were detected.@*RESULTS@#The patient's irregular antibody screening was positive, and it was determined that there was anti-Lea antibody in the serum. After the transfusion reaction, the low titer anti-E antibody was detected by enhanced test. The patient's Rh typing was Ccee, while the transfused red blood cells were ccEE. The new and old samples of the patient were matched with the transfused red blood cells by PEG method, and the major were incompatible. The evidence of hemolytic transfusion reaction was found.@*CONCLUSION@#Antibodies with low titer in serum are not easy to be detected, which often lead to severe hemolytic transfusion reaction.
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Humans , Blood Transfusion , Transfusion Reaction/prevention & control , Hemolysis , Blood Group Antigens , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Antibodies , Isoantibodies , Blood Group IncompatibilityABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of Xuebijing Injection in the treatment of sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiment. The active components of Xuebijing Injection were screened and the targets were predicted by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP). The targets of sepsis-associated ARDS were searched against GeneCards, DisGeNet, OMIM, and TTD. Weishengxin platform was used to map the targets of the main active components in Xuebijing Injection and the targets of sepsis-associated ARDS, and Venn diagram was established to identify the common targets. Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to build the "drug-active components-common targets-disease" network. The common targets were imported into STRING for the building of the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, which was then imported into Cytoscape 3.9.1 for visualization. DAVID 6.8 was used for Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment of the common targets, and then Weishe-ngxin platform was used for visualization of the enrichment results. The top 20 KEGG signaling pathways were selected and imported into Cytoscape 3.9.1 to establish the KEGG network. Finally, molecular docking and in vitro cell experiment were performed to verify the prediction results. A total of 115 active components and 217 targets of Xuebijing Injection and 360 targets of sepsis-associated ARDS were obtained, among which 63 common targets were shared by Xuebijing Injection and the disease. The core targets included interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β), IL-6, albumin(ALB), serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA). A total of 453 GO terms were annotated, including 361 terms of biological processes(BP), 33 terms of cellular components(CC), and 59 terms of molecular functions(MF). The terms mainly involved cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, negative regulation of apoptotic process, lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polyme-rase Ⅱ promoter, response to hypoxia, and inflammatory response. The KEGG enrichment revealed 85 pathways. After diseases and generalized pathways were eliminated, hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB), Toll-like receptor, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways were screened out. Molecular docking showed that the main active components of Xuebijing Injection had good binding activity with the core targets. The in vitro experiment confirmed that Xuebijing Injection suppressed the HIF-1, TNF, NF-κB, Toll-like receptor, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, inhibited cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation, and down-regulated the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in cells. In conclusion, Xuebijing Injection can regulate apoptosis and response to inflammation and oxidative stress by acting on HIF-1, TNF, NF-κB, Toll-like receptor, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways to treat sepsis-associated ARDS.